Prostatic Artery Embolization

Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), commonly known as an enlarged prostate. BPH is a condition that affects many men as they age, causing urinary problems such as frequent urination, difficulty starting and stopping urination, and a weak urine stream. PAE offers a non-surgical solution that can provide significant relief from these symptoms.

How Does Prostatic Artery Embolization Work?

PAE involves blocking the blood supply to the prostate gland, causing it to shrink and thereby reducing the symptoms of BPH. The procedure is performed by an interventional radiologist, a specialist trained in minimally invasive techniques using imaging guidance.

1. Preparation: Before the procedure, the patient undergoes imaging tests such as an MRI or ultrasound to map the blood vessels supplying the prostate.
2. Procedure: During PAE, the interventional radiologist makes a small incision in the groyne or wrist to access the arteries. Using X-ray guidance, a catheter is threaded into the prostatic arteries. Tiny particles are then injected through the catheter to block the blood flow to the prostate.
3. Recovery: The procedure typically takes a few hours, and most patients can go home the same day. Full recovery and noticeable improvement in symptoms can take a few weeks.

Benefits of Prostatic Artery Embolization

• Minimally Invasive: No major surgery is required, reducing the risk of complications.
• Quick Recovery: Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days.
• Effective Symptom Relief: Significant reduction in BPH symptoms.
• Low Risk of Sexual Side Effects: Unlike some surgical options, PAE has a lower risk of affecting sexual function.
• No General Anesthesia: The procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia with sedation.

Who is a Candidate for PAE?

PAE is suitable for men with moderate to severe symptoms of BPH who have not responded well to medication or who want to avoid or are not candidates for traditional surgery. It is especially beneficial for patients seeking a less invasive option with fewer risks and a shorter recovery time.

Risks and Considerations

As with any medical procedure, PAE carries some risks, although they are generally low. Potential complications include:

• Minor bruising at the catheter insertion site
• Temporary pain or discomfort
• Infection
• Non-target embolization (very rare)

It's essential to discuss these risks with your doctor to determine if PAE is the right option for you.

Commonly asked by Patiemts

1. What is the success rate of PAE?
   The success rate of PAE in reducing BPH symptoms is high, with studies showing significant improvement in 80-90% of patients.
2. How long does the procedure take?
   The PAE procedure typically takes 1-2 hours, followed by a few hours of observation in the recovery room.
3. Will I need to stay in the hospital?
   Most patients can go home the same day after a few hours of observation.
4. Are there any dietary restrictions before the procedure?
   Your doctor will provide specific instructions, but generally, you may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure.
5. How soon will I see improvements in my symptoms?
   Symptom relief can begin within a few days to weeks, with full benefits typically realised within a few months.

Prostatic Artery Embolization is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for men suffering from the symptoms of an enlarged prostate. With its high success rate and low risk of complications, PAE offers a promising alternative to traditional surgical treatments. If you are experiencing symptoms of BPH, talk to your doctor about whether PAE might be the right option for you.